Different Types of Oil Pump
Oil pump is generally
located inside the crankcase below the oil level. The function of the
oil pump is to supply oil under pressure to the various engine parts
to be lubricated. Different types of oil pump used are as follows:
Gear Type Pump.
It consists of two meshed spur gears enclosed in a housing. There is
very little clearance between the gear teeth and housing. One gear
is attached to a shaft, which is driven through suitable gears from
the camshaft or crankshaft of the engine. The other gear is free to
revolve on its own bearing. When the pump is in action, the oil is
drawn between the gear teeth from the inlet side, carried around
between the gears and pump housing, and forced out from the outlet
side. The pressure and quantity of the oil supplied by the pump
depends upon the speed of the gears. This type of pump is almost
universally used in the automotive engine, due to its simplicity in
construction. It can deliver oil at a pressure of about 2-4 kg/cm2.
A pressure relief valve is provided in oil pump to relieve the
excessive pressure due to high engine speed or clogged oil lines.
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Gear Type Pump
Double Rotor Type
Pump. It consists of an inner and outer rotor within the pump
body in place of gears, that is, two lobes mesh internally. The
external rotor has one more lobe than on the internal rotor. The oil
is displaced from the inlet to the outlet side in the same way as in
gear type pump. The inner 4 lobe rotor drives the outer 5 lobe rotor
at a reduce speed and causes a depression as the rotor lobes
separate. This occurs opposite the inlet, thus oil enters the space
between the inner and outer rotors, and as the lobes come together
again, the oil between them is forced up between the two rotors and
out of the outlet.
Rotor Pump
Plunger Type Pump.
It consists of sliding plunger or piston, which is driven by camshaft
eccentric and reciprocates (up and down) in the pump body acting as
cylinders. A non return valve is fitted in the oil submerged bottom
of the body. While moving up, the plunger sucks oil from the inlet
through the valve. While moving down, it forces out the oil through
outlet, as the inlet valve is closed and delivery valve is opened.
This type of pump is used to a very limited extent, mainly on
stationary engines.
Plunger Pump
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